Data from the United States’ 2010-2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) indicated that over 36% of woman (1 in 3) and 17% of men (1 in 6) have experienced sexual violence involving physical contact at some point in their lives the numbers vary by state, from 29.5% to 47.5% for women and 10.4% to 29.3% for men (Smith et al., 2017). For example, a social worker might have a question about the “shape” of a problem defined as sexual violence victimization. ![]() Not only do we now know the numbers of suicide deaths in this age group, we know something about a relevant factor that might be addressed through preventive intervention and policy responses.Įpidemiology also addresses questions about the size and characteristics of a population being impacted by a problem or the scope of a problem. For example, epidemiology also tells us that firearms were the recorded cause in 46.9% of known suicide deaths among individuals aged 15-24 years across the nation during 2016 (CDC, WONDER database). The epidemiological data can help tease out some of these more nuanced answers. Since the upward trend is of concern, social workers might pursue additional questions to examine possible causes of the observed increases, as well as what the increase might mean to the expanded need for supportive services to families and friends of these individuals. Graph reflecting Ohio trend in suicide rate, 2012-2016 Consider, for example, epidemiology data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (the CDC) regarding trends in suicide rates in the state of Ohio over a four-year period (see Figure 1-2, created from data presented by CDC WONDER database).įigure 1-2. One feature offered by epidemiological research is a picture of trends over time. Epidemiologists also ask and address questions related to the nature of relationships between problems or phenomena-such as the relationship between opioid misuse and infectious disease epidemics (NAS, 2018). Epidemiology is the branch of science (common in public health) for understanding how a problem or phenomenon is distributed in a population. Basic research in social and behavioral science addresses questions of at least two major types: epidemiology and etiology questions.Įpidemiology questions.Questions about the nature of a population, problem, or social phenomenon are often answered through epidemiological methods. Basic research efforts are those designed to describe something or answer questions about its nature. Federal policy defines basic research as systematic study that is directed toward understanding the fundamental aspects of phenomena without specific applications in mind (adapted from 32 CFR 272.3). Overview of translational science elementsīasic Research. Figure 1-1 assembles the various pieces of the translational science knowledge building enterprise:įigure 1-1. In medicine, the concept is sometimes described as “bench to trench,” meaning that it takes what is learned at the laboratory “bench” to practitioners’ work in the real-world, or “in the trenches.” This way of thinking is about applied science-research aimed at eventual applications to create or support change. The concept of translational scienceaddresses the application of basic science discoveries and knowledge to routine professional practice. characteristics of social work research questions.4 types of social work research for knowledge building,.Finally, we reassemble them to identify strong social work research questions. We then look at research questions and social work questions separately. We begin this chapter by examining a general model for understanding where different types of questions fit into the larger picture of knowledge building explored in Module 1. The topic concerning the nature of social work research questions has two parts: what constitutes a researchquestion, and what makes it a social workquestion. The gap between research and clinical practice could be bridged by a clear, complete, and informative research question” (Mayo, Asano, & Barbic, 2013, 513). ![]() ![]() “When the question is poorly formulated, the design, analysis, sample size calculations, and presentation of results may not be optimal. Not just any type of question will do, however: The nature of the questions asked determine many features of the studies that lead to answers: the study approach, design, measurement, participant selection, data collection, data analysis, and reporting of results. The search for empirical evidence typically begins with a question or hypothesis. ![]() Module 2 Chapter 1: The Nature of Social Work Research Questions
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